Is Sitting Disease Killing You?

Let’s face it: we no longer live in the cavemen era that our bodies were built for, where our ancestors had to kill or grow their own food, and were constantly on the move. Nowadays most people spend their day sitting at their desk, sitting in the car, sitting on the couch, and then going to bed. If this is what your day looks like as well, then your sedentary lifestyle may be slowly killing you.

What is a Sedentary Lifestyle?

(Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Simply put, a sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle where you get little to no physical activity that involves being on your feet. This type of lifestyle is one of the worse kinds of lifestyles you can have, even if you don’t engage in other health-damaging activities such as smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol. This is because there are a lot of health risks that come with a sedentary lifestyle, as more and more evidence shows.

Health Risks of a Sedentary Lifestyle

Included among the many health risks that you could face if you maintain your sedentary lifestyle are:

• Sleep apnea, where obstruction to the airways causes you to stop breathing periodically when you are sleeping. The obstruction can be caused by many reasons, but obesity and a sedentary lifestyle contribute to it significantly. These breathing pauses can be very detrimental in the long run, and have been linked to heart attack, stroke, and the development of diabetes.

• Cardiovascular diseases, or in simple terms, diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Leading an overly sedentary lifestyle is usually coupled with eating too much and weight gain, which in turn increases your risk for heart disease.

• Mental slowdowns as you get older. There is some evidence that a sedentary lifestyle can push along the process of memory deterioration as we age.

• Pulmonary embolisms, which are more common among sedentary people, and there is an even higher risk if a sedentary woman is also on birth control pills.

What Can You Do to Minimize the Risk?

It’s simple: just start moving around more. Nobody is asking you to start running marathons every day (though, if you could, that would be great!). Just take small steps to ensure that you get some exercise into your day. For example, you can take the stairs instead of the elevator, and park your car a little bit further so you can take a short walk before and after work. Get a treadmill desk, or at least a standing desk if possible if you sit at long periods at work. Stand while you are on the phone. Every little bit adds up, but if you can add in about 30 minutes of proper exercise each day, that would be even better. Check out our Fun Ways to Exercise page for some fast and fun ways to work out that only take a few minutes per day.

So, start taking those baby steps towards a healthier lifestyle today. When you have a healthy heart at 70 and beyond, you’ll be happy you did!

How to Fit More Movement Into A Sedentary Lifestyle

As you read this, you’re probably sitting down. In fact, you’ve probably been sitting down for most of the day. Although you’re far from being the only one, it’s important that you try to incorporate more activity into your daily life or - as we discussed last week - your health will suffer. It's easier said that done when you’re so used to inactivity! Here are some tips to help you get started.

Understand the Risks

Although you probably already know that you need to move more, you might not be completely clear on the risks of not moving. And, make no mistake, the risks are big. Humans were designed to be active, we were not designed to sit in a chair for the whole day before retiring to our beds. And, even if you do fit in an hour of exercise, it doesn’t undo the negative effects of sitting down too much.

Research shows that inactive people are more likely to develop conditions such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes. You’re also more likely to be overweight, and to suffer from mental health problems. (See last week's post for more on this.)

OK, I Know the Risks! But How Do I Motivate Myself?

(Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Even when you know all the risks, it can still be hard to force yourself to get up and be active. This is especially true if you are overweight, although a good first step in that case can be to visit your doctor and get their recommendations on how to slowly get moving.

One big factor is changing your mindset. Instead of the idea of walking to work or the grocery store as a chore or a waste of time, see it as an opportunity to get moving! Instead of being lazy and always taking the elevator, walk up the stairs (if you live or work high up in a building, even just taking some of the stairs can help!)

You also need to get rid of the idea that you don’t have the time to move more – you do, you just need to incorporate it naturally into your daily life. For example, when socializing with friends you could all agree to meet up for a walk around the local park, rather than sitting in a coffee shop. Or you could move around while you watch your favorite TV show instead of sitting on the couch! Although you might think this won’t work with your life, you’ll be surprised at how many opportunities there are to get active once you shift your mindset and look at things differently.

Next, understand that there are many ways to move beyond exercise. For example, many people are starting to stand up while they work at the computer, by putting together a standing-height desk, or by placing their laptop on a higher surface. (See Dr. James Levine's excellent book, Move a Little, Lose a Lot for more on this type of activity.) Running around with your kids (or dog) or dancing to your favorite music are also great ways to get moving. A thorough house-cleaning or gardening session even counts as great activity! At the very least, simply try getting up and stretching at least once an hour if you sit a lot.

Lastly, realize that old habits take time to change. If you’re used to sitting down for all but an hour every day, then it’s going to be hard to change. Not only will you find it tiring being on your feet more, but you’ll also find that it can be hard to motivate yourself. This is completely normal, which is why you should try to make changes gradually, until they become part of your daily routine.

Do You Sit Too Much?

New research results keep confirming what we have suspected all along – sitting is bad for us. But just how bad?

Even if you regularly exercise when not sitting behind your desk, the amount of sitting most of us do still significantly raises your risk for diabetes, heart disease (including strokes and heart attacks), obesity and even certain types of cancer. For every two hours of sitting, you raise your risk of colon cancer by 8 percent, endometrial cancer by 10 percent, and lung cancer by 6 percent.

Diabetes

Idealized curves of human blood glucose and insulin concentrations during the course of a day containing three meals. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The Mayo Clinic did a study of how sitting affects blood sugar spiking and what they found was amazing. If the study participants went back to sitting after a meal, or ate while sitting at their desk, their blood sugar peaked and stayed there for two hours. However, if the same participants took a 15-minute walk at just 1 mph after eating, their blood sugar peaks were cut in half. Of course your risk for developing diabetes increases if you consistently have high blood sugar.

Heart Disease

When we sit, we are not burning as many calories as we would if we were up and moving around. So it takes longer for our bodies to burn off the calories we ate at lunch. This keeps the blood sugar higher for a longer period of time. And high blood sugar in effect causes tiny tears on the inside of veins and arteries – prime places for plaque to start accumulating and eventually cause heart disease. In the American Heart Journal article Circulation: Heart Failure, it documented men who sat for more than 5 hours per day increased their risk of heart disease by 34% verses men who only sat 2 hours per day.

Obesity

It is a well-documented fact that if you consume more calories than you burn, you will gain weight as the body stores the extra calories it doesn’t need at the time. It is a natural defense mechanism so that we have fat stores to draw upon in case of lean times.

By sitting, we are not burning off the calories we had for lunch and any snacks eaten during the day. The extra calories increase your weight which starts to cause other health problems, including diabetes. In a way it becomes the “Which came first, the chicken or the egg?” dilemma. Did diabetes cause your obesity or did your obesity cause diabetes?

Standing treadmill desk.

How To Reduce Your Risk

There are several things you can do to lessen your risk of health issues due to sitting. First, get up and move around - as much as possible. That can mean walking over to a colleague’s desk instead of sending an email. Frequently get up and get a glass of water from the water cooler or a cup of coffee from the break room or cafeteria. Do a short series of stretches or yoga poses in your cubicle every hour or so.

Next, take a short 15-minute walk outside after lunch. Not only will it lower your blood sugar, but it will clear your head and reduce stress.

Finally get at least 2 ½ hours of moderate to high-intensity cardio exercise per week (preferably in short 20-30 minute segments) along with muscle-strengthening workouts twice per week. (We post a short workout video every week, so be sure to check back here each Thursday for a new, fun weekly workout!) While exercise won’t completely offset the effects of prolonged sitting, it will help.

Lastly, if you have a say in your office décor, consider getting a standing desk. Your body will thank you for it.